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The Cotton Club was a New York City night club located first in the Harlem neighborhood on 142nd St & Lenox Ave from 1923 to 1935〔Black Past: (retrieved 9 September 2014): http://www.blackpast.org/aah/cotton-club-harlem-1923〕 and then for a brief period from 1936 to 1940 in the midtown Theater District. The club operated most notably during America's Prohibition Era. The club was a whites-only establishment even though it featured many of the best black entertainers of the era including: musicians Cab Calloway, Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington, Jimmie Lunceford, Louis Armstrong, Count Basie, Fats Waller, vocalists Adelaide Hall,〔Chapter 15, 'Underneath A Harlem Moon ... the Harlem to Paris Years of Adelaide Hall' by Iain Cameron Williams, ISBN 0826458939 http://www.amazon.com/Underneath-Harlem-Moon-Paris-Adelaide/dp/B005ZOLV7C〕〔https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0KA9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=visMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4392,9375602&dq=adelaide+hall&hl=en〕 Ethel Waters, Avon Long, the Dandridge Sisters, the Will Vodery Choir, Berry Brothers, Nina Mae McKinney, Billie Holiday, Lena Horne, and dancers Bill Robinson, The Nicholas Brothers, Stepin Fetchit, and Earl Snakehips Tucker. During its heyday, the Cotton Club served as a hip meeting spot featuring regular "Celebrity Nights" on Sundays, which featured guests such as Jimmy Durante, George Gershwin, Sophie Tucker, Paul Robeson, Al Jolson, Mae West, Richard Rodgers, Irving Berlin, Eddie Cantor, Fanny Brice, Langston Hughes, Judy Garland, Moss Hart, and Mayor Jimmy Walker among others. == History == In 1920, heavyweight boxing champion, Jack Johnson, rented the upper floor of the building on the corner of 142nd Street and Lenox Avenue in the heart of the Harlem district and opened an intimate supper club there called the Club Deluxe. Owney Madden, a prominent bootlegger and gangster, took over the club in 1923 while imprisoned in Sing Sing and changed its name to the Cotton Club.〔"Dry Padlocks Snapped on Nine Wet Doors; 'Owney' Maddens 'Club' is One of them." ''New York Times'' (1923-Current file) Jun 23 1925: 23. ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times (1851-2008). 14 Mar. 2012.〕 " A deal was arranged between the two that allowed Johnson to still be the club’s manager. Madden "used the cotton club as an outlet to sell his #1 beer to the prohibition crowd".〔Haskins, James. "The Cotton Club Comes To Broadway.() Cotton Club. New York: Random House, 1977, p. 62.〕 While the club was closed briefly in 1925 for selling liquor, it reopened without trouble from the police.〔"Dry Padlocks Snapped on Nine Wet Doors; 'Owney' Maddens 'Club' is One of them." ''New York Times'' (1923-Current file) Jun 23 1925: 23. ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times (1851-2008). 14 Mar. 2012.〕 A man by the name of Herman Stark became the stage manager from then on. The Cotton Club was a "Whites-only" venue. The club reproduced the racist imagery of the times, often depicting blacks as savages in exotic jungles or as "darkies" in the cotton-growing plantation South (see King Cotton). The club imposed a more subtle color bar on the chorus girls whom the club presented in skimpy outfits: they were expected to be "tall, tan, and terrific," which meant that they had to be at least 5 feet 6 inches tall, light-skinned, and under twenty-one years of age.〔Bruno, "The Cotton Club".〕 The skin color of the male dancers was more varied.“Black performers did not mix with the club's clientele, and after the show many of them went next door to the basement of the superintendent at 646 Lenox, where they imbibed corn whiskey, peach brandy, and marijuana.”〔The Harlem Renaissance, Steve Watson〕 Ellington was expected to write "jungle music" for an audience of whites. What Ellington contributed to the Cotton Club is priceless and is summed up perfectly in this 1937 ''New York Times'' excerpt: "So long may the empirical Duke and his music making roosters reign - and long may the Cotton Club continue to remember that it came down from Harlem".〔''New York Times'', 1937.〕 The prices for customers were high so the performers had very high salaries. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cotton Club」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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